Mad Of Science

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Electronica India 2009

Productronica India 2009


8,9,10,11, September 2009 ,Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), Bangalore India.

Country Pavilions: Germany,China,USA,UK more than 25 countries.


Free Entry To Exhibition

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Email: info@mmi-india.in

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Simple Battery

Following the below procedure you can make a simple battery ,by just using water as a electrolyte.

Things needed:

1. Water
2. Zinc plate
3. Carbon rod
4. Waste battery
   

Getting Laser Diode:

How to remove laser diode from a junk Dvd player , this is the most common question.Finally the answer in revealed below.

Below is the picture of laser lens set acquired from a junk Dvd player.



At the center is lens ,surrounded by focus adjustment coils.But our point of focus is laser diode. For your convenience i have removed the laser diode separately.


Once you have located the laser diode you can remove it by cutting the strip.Now you have got a four pin laser diode.

Polarity of diode:


Our next task is to find the polarity of the laser diode. With simple technique it can be done easily. Place the diode on the ground such that the pins face the sky , now look at the bottom of the pin , you can see a black stud in all the three pins except one which is the ground pin .



Now look out for the positive pin ,the pin right to the ground pin is usually the positive ,in some case the pin left to the ground acts as positive.

Laser beam:

To check the diode use two batteries ,so that a steady 3v can be obtained. Most of the laser diode operate at 3v ,any thing above 3V may spoil the diode,be careful.

The moment you connect your battery ,you can see a beam of red laser gushing out. This beam can be focused in to a single point by using collimating lens .


For more powerful laser look for CD or DVD writer , laser diode.

Don't look at the diode directly ,you may end up damaging your eye.

Recently I came across a washing machine ,the problem was it was not draining the water after spinning. It was an Whirlpool automatic washing machine. I opened the back cover gained access to the drain hose .

Actually draining of water will be actuated by pulling the piston out.It is done by a motor gear assembly ,which pulls the string connected to the drain hose. I pulled the string manually water gushed out immediately. So the problem might be with that drain motor or with the swith which actuates this motor.


After removing the machine completely I found that the small motor gear set has been rusted by water.Some how water has entered and it spoiled everything. I took that motor set and opened its cover.

Inside it was a permanent magnet AC motor ,which runs on 220V 50Hz supply. I carefully removed all the gears and gained access to the motor. I removed that motor and connected it to 220V ,but the motor struggled to spin.

So i found out the problem , It was this faulty motor. Actually rust has developed around the stator which prevented free rotation of the motor. I cleaned and removed the rust, now again the motor spins perfectly.

I carefully assembled the gears back to its position and screwed it to the machine. Now it works perfectly. If still the problem exists , better replace the drain motor.

It is said that Jupiter and Neptune comes in a straight line with Earth.So that Jupiter can be viewed directly by naked eye, by around 7:30 pm on 17th August 2009 .





Since Neptune is some what farther from Earth , it can be viewed by telescope or binocular etc .,

What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?

If you are sick limit your contact with other people as much as possible.Do not go to work stay at home or in your hotel room.Cover your mouth and nose with a mask when coughing or sneezing.It may prevent those around you from getting sick.Put your used tissue in the waste basket.If you do not have a mask cover your cough or sneeze whenever you cough or sneeze.Then clean your hands every time you cough or sneeze.

For what purposes can antiviral drugs be used against influenza A(H1N1)?

So far most people who have contracted the new A (H1N1) virus have experienced influenza-like symptoms (such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, fever, malaise, headache, joint/muscle pain) and recovered without antiviral treatment. Antiviral drugs may reduce the symptoms and duration of illness, just as they do for seasonal influenza. They also may contribute to preventing severe disease and death. Influenza A (H1N1) is a new virus and only a small number of people with the infection have been treated for it with antiviral drugs. WHO is in touch with public health authorities and clinicians in affected countries and is gathering information about how effective the drugs are.

Is there a human vaccine to protect from Swine Influenza ?

There are no vaccines that contain the current swine influenza virus causing illness in humans.It is not known whether current human seasonal influenza vaccines can provide any protection.Influenza virus changes very quickly.This is why WHO needs access to as many viruses as possible in order to select the most appropriate candidate vaccine virus.

To which antiviral drugs does this influenza virus respond?

There are two classes of antiviral drugs for influenza: inhibitors of neuraminidase such as oseltamivir and zanamivir; and adamantanes, such as amantadine and rimantadine. Tests on viruses obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States have indicated that current new H1N1 viruses are sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, but that the viruses are resistant to the other class, the adamantanes. Could the virus become resistant to oseltamivir and zanamivir? Resistance can develop to antiviral drugs used for influenza. Therefore, WHO and its partners are monitoring antiviral drug resistance.

Under what circumstances should antiviral drugs be administered?

Antiviral drugs are to be used according to national pandemic influenza preparedness plans. Public health authorities in some countries have decided to treat patients likely to have this disease as a part of public health measures. Where antiviral drugs are available for treatment, clinicians should make decisions based on assessment of the individual patient's risk. Risks versus benefits should also be evaluated on a case by case basis.

Should I take an antiviral now just in case I catch the new virus?

No. You should only take an antiviral, such as oseltamivir or zanamivir, if your health care provider advises you to do so. Individuals should not buy medicines to prevent or fight this new influenza without a prescription, and they should exercise caution in buying antivirals over the internet.

What is WHO doing about getting antiviral drugs to countries as preparation for a pandemic?

WHO’s first priority is to provide an emergency stock of antiviral drugs to countries that have no or insufficient stock of the drugs and lack the capacity to procure these drugs themselves. WHO is also working with Member States, donors and other groups that have stockpiles and are willing to share these with WHO for distribution to countries in need.

Which drug will be provided, and how much of it does WHO have available?

WHO had a global stockpile of approximately 5 million adult treatment courses of oseltamivir. Part of this stockpile has already been distributed through the WHO Regional Offices, which are handling allocation and distribution. WHO is currently distributing the remaining 3 million adult treatment courses of this stockpile to developing countries in need. WHO continues to assess needs and to work with manufacturers to secure more donations of antivirals. More antiviral drugs will be distributed once these donations are received.

WHAT IS SWINE FLU?

Swine Influenza ( swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses (H1N1 subtype) that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu ,but human infections can and do happen.

Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person to person, but in the past ,this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include

1. Fever
2. Sore throat
3. Cough
4. Body ache
5. Head ache
6. Fatigue
7. Chills
   

• Fast breathing or trouble in breathing
• Bluish skin color
• Not drinking enough fluids
• Not waking up or not interacting
• Being so irritable that child does not want to be held
• Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
• Fever with a rash
  

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
• Sudden dizziness
• Confusion
• Severe or persistent vomiting
  

Many junk electronics gadgets can be used to get some useful spare parts and some times amplifier circuit,transmitter,receiver etc.,


I got a junk CD player a few weeks back i opened it and took some useful things some motors,laser diode, IR receiver, and finally a Dual channel Audio amplifier.



The IC was CD6283CS and its specifications are as follows


4.6 W x 2 dual-channel audio power amplifier

Model: CD6283CS

Product Name: Dual-channel audio power amplifier
Overview and Application: CD6283CS is one pair of channel audio power amplifier can be used in portable and hand-made audio power amplification

Features:
1). Large output power
2). Boot "sound of escaping laughter" small voice
3). Quiescent current small
4). Soft clamp function
5). Built-in overheating protection circuit
6). Wide range of supply voltage: VCC = 6V to 15V Package: FSIP12


I took that amplifier circuit and assembled it in another small case ( i used a junk fish tank motor).


I just drilled four holes to accompany two volume control , one Bass and One Treble. Now i fitted the main amplifier board and took out all the connecting wires.














Now I got a handy audio amplifier which i can use it for my hobby projects.

The Perseids are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Swift-Tuttle. The Perseids are so called because the point they appear to come from, called the radiant, lies in the constellation Perseus.

Meteor showers occur when Earth moves through a meteor stream. The stream in this case is called the Perseid cloud and it stretches along the orbit of the Comet Swift-Tuttle. The cloud consists of particles ejected by the comet as it passed by the Sun.




Most of the dust in the cloud today is approximately a thousand years old. However, there is also a relatively young filament of dust in the stream that was pulled off the comet in 1862.


The rate of meteors originating from this filament is much higher than for the older part of the stream. The Perseid meteor shower has been observed for about 2000 years, with the first known information on this meteor shower coming from the Far East. In early medieval Europe, the Perseids came to be known as the "tears of St. Lawrence."

The shower is visible from mid-July each year, with the greatest activity between August 8 and 14, peaking about August 12. During the peak, the rate of meteors reaches 60 or more per hour.

They can be seen all across the sky, but because of the path of Swift-Tuttle's orbit, Perseids are primarily visible in the northern hemisphere.

This was the message I got few months ago whenever I started my PC , sometimes suddenly my PC will go off and When I restart again the same message appeared.

I thought I would have over used my Computer but thats not the problem I know, because system can be used continuously throughout the day .

I removed the cooling fan and heat sink placed directly above the processor and cleaned it.

Fan was working good, heat sink was cleaned and now its free from dust. I cleaned the heat sink with cycle pump. Now assembled everything back in to its position . Again I got the same message .

This time I removed CPU fan , heat sink also the processor beneath.

It was difficult to remove the processor, the heat sink compound was dried and it was difficult to remove the processor.

Heat sink compound is a white paste like substance applied over the processor and at the bottom of the heat sink. It is mainly used for cooling and can be obtained at local shop.

I bought a new compound and applied it . But when started my PC it ran good for a while again it stopped, showing the same message.

Now I removed all the wire connections from SMPS and checked the wires . Finally I found the culprit.

It was a four pin from the SMPS yellow, black wire i.e, 12v wire. The wire end was blackened.I opened the SMPS and rectified the fault now My system is working fine.

Troubleshooting Whirlpool Auto sparkle Washing Machine :


The problem with the washing machine was over flowing of water . It has a water level controller with options namely Extra low, low, Medium , High and reset.



High water level is selected for washing more clothes , that is when the tub is full .
But the problem is whenever the water level is selected to High , the starts filling even after the level is reached and it over flows.

This is mainly due to the faulty water level controller shown above or the tube which connects the controller and the water tub. The water inside the tub creates a pressure depending upon the level of water present in the tub .This pressure controls the water level controller .

I resolved this problem by loosening the screw in the water level controller , thereby making it easy to stop water over flowing. The more you loose the screw less the water pressure is required to stop water intake.

In my previous post I shared my experience about my UPS now I have two more devices to share with you all. One thing is Electronic Choke and the other Emergency lamp.

Electronic Fluorescent lamp choke:

I got a tube light with no response ,from one of my customer .His doubt was lightning. I opened the electronic choke and his doubt was right it was affected by lightning. I just had a look at the PCB, line to a small transformer inside was burnt .


I just gave a parallel connection to it using a small bit of wire. I checked each and every component inside and everything works fine. After connecting the choke I switched on and the tube light glows.

Emergency lamp:

Another case was with an emergency lamp which is plugged in while charging and was affected by lightning .


The green light was not glowing that is battery is not charging but it can discharge . The lamp glows with the residue charge present in the battery.

After opening the lamp having a look at the PCB found a hole in the PCB , might have got a severe volt. Fortunately everything was fine I checked each and every component . Now as usual I traced the line and gave a parallel line to the small transformer whose circuit was burnt.


Now i plugged in and switched on the lamp ,the green light glows and the battery is charging . Every thing works fine.

Like many other guys me too very much interested towards electronics and I like troubleshooting them. Here I am going to share some of my experience regarding electronic gadgets affected by lightning .

Normally a device gets affected by lightning when its power chord is just plugged in , doesn't matter its switched on or not, just a plugged chord is enough to get affected by lightning.


First thing I am going to share is about my UPS

UPS:

One night I left my UPS plugged in , but power is switched off . I went to sleep , around midnight I heard a loud bang like how a glass piece dropped down will make shattering sound. I woke up and ran towards my PC and TV thought one of my picture tube would have burst. Luckily both was safe , I happily went to sleep without knowing the whats waiting for me the next day , next morning when I switched on my PC, UPS has no response and at that time I recalled what happened last night.




Opened my UPS, removed PCB board , what I saw was along the border of PCB the ground line was burnt and lost two diodes, which I found later after testing with Multimeter.

I just tracked down the line of PCB and just soldered a piece of wire instead of that line and replaced those diodes. Now it works fine .


I have seen some more devices affected by lightning .In my experience ,when compared to other faults lightning causes PCB burning normally it doesn't spoils any components.

Give free food with one click. Visit http://www.bhookh.com/

1. Hunger remains the No.1 cause of death in the world. Aids, Cancer etc. follow. 2. There are 820 million chronically hungry people in the world. 3. 1/3rd of the world’s hungry live in India. 4. 836 million Indians survive on less than Rs. 20 (less than half-a-dollar) a day. 5. Over 20 crore Indians will sleep hungry tonight. 6. 10 million people die every year of chronic hunger and hunger-related diseases. Only eight percent are the victims of hunger caused by high-profile earthquakes, floods, droughts and wars. 7. India has 212 million undernourished people – only marginally below the 215 million estimated for 1990–92. 8. 99% of the 1000 Adivasi households from 40 villages in the two states, who comprised the total sample, experienced chronic hunger (unable to get two square meals, or at least one square meal and one poor/partial meal, on even one day in the week prior to the survey). Almost as many (24.1 per cent) had lived in conditions of semi-starvation during the previous month. 9. Over 7000 Indians die of hunger every day. 10. Over 25 lakh Indians die of hunger every year. 11. Despite substantial improvement in health since independence and a growth rate of 8 percent in recent years, under-nutrition remains a silent emergency in India, with almost 50 percent of Indian children underweight and more than 70 percent of the women and children with serious nutritional deficiencies as anemia. 12. The 1998 – 99 Indian survey shows 57 percent of the children aged 0 – 3 years to be either severely or moderately stunted and/or underweight. 13. During 2006 – 2007, malnutrition contributed to seven million Indian children dying, nearly two million before the age of one. 14. 30% of newborn are of low birth weight, 56% of married women are anaemic and 79% of children age 6-35 months are anaemic. 15. The number of hungry people in India is always more than the number of people below official poverty line (while around 37% of rural households were below the poverty line in 1993-94, 80% of households suffered under nutrition).

Sources :

UN World Food Programme

UN World Health Organization: Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, 2006

UN Food and Agriculture Organization: SOFI 2006 Report

National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (India)

National Family Health Survey 2005 – 06 (NFHS-3) (India)

Centre for Environment and Food Security (India)

Rural 21 (India)

A crystal radio is the distilled essence of a radio. It has very few parts, it needs no batteries or other power source, and it can be built in a short time out of things you can find around the house.

The reason a crystal radio does not need any batteries is the amazing capabilities of the human ear. The ear is extremely sensitive to very faint sounds. The crystal radio uses only the energy of the radio waves sent by radio transmitters. These radio transmitters send out enormous amounts of energy (tens of thousands of watts). However, because they are usually far away, and we have at most a few hundred feet of wire for an antenna, the amount of energy we receive with the crystal radio is measured in billionths of a watt. The human ear can detect sounds that are less than a millionth of even that.

The above circuit shows a simple crystal radio. U can also add some capacitors to the above circuit, a capacitor in series with the antenna coil allows high frequency to pass through enabling better performance and reception.

Instead of ear phone u can also use a telephone receiver to listen to channels.